Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) life:
Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) was born into the most rich and noble family in Arabia. They were called the Quraysh. When Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) was 25, he married Khadeejah, because he was known for his truthfulness, so when Khadeejah sent him on a business trip, he was so honest and loyal. When Muhammad (SAWS) was 40, he was in the Cave of Hira, like always and he was thinking about the people bad actions. Suddenly... Angel Jibra'eel (Gabriel) came to Muhammad (SAWS), he said IQRA READ. Muhammad (SAWS) said he couldnt read. Jibra'eel (Gabriel) said to him 3 times IQRA READ. But Muhammad (SAWS) had the same answer, I can't. So then Jibra'eel squeezed him tight and said the first 5 verses (Ayah) of Surah Alaq :
"Iqra bismi rabbi kallah thee khalaq. Khalaqal insana min alaq. Iqra wa rabbu kal akram. Allah thee allah ma bil qalam. Allah mal insana ma lam ya lam."
That is a bit about Muhammad (SAWS) life. You can find out more about Muhammad (SAWS) in books, videos and more. Some authentic places are: Islam QA and IQRA cartoon.
Teachings of Muhammad (SAWS):
Muhammad (SAWS) taught us lots of things.Like basically everything . You can find these things in Hadith and Sunnah.
Good manners
The Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) taught us to have good manners or Ikhlaq. Some examples are: Listening to your parents, Not being annoying, Listening to others, Not fighting or getting angry and sitting on your chair properly.
2. Cleanliness
He (SAWS) also taught us to be clean. As he said "Cleanliness is half of your Imaan (faith). This is because being clean is very good medically and in Islam as well. Cleaning is something we do everyday. Like we make Wudu, brush our teeth e.t.c. We could also shower everyday but the most important day to shower is Al-Jumah (Friday). This is also the day it will be Yaum-ul-Qiyaam.
That is just 2 out of thousands or more of things that the Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) taught us about.